In modern times, due to the irregular lifestyle, many people are struggling with the problem of diabetes. Diabetes is also called the ‘silent killer’. If this disease happens to someone once, it does not leave the person for the rest of his life. Diabetes can affect many other parts of the body. Diabetes patients have to face eye problems, liver disease, kidney and foot problems. Earlier, this disease used to occur only after the age of forty, but nowadays it is becoming a major cause of concern (Types of Diabetes) in children as well. Today, we’ll talk about Diabetes Type 2, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Prevention, Treatment and diet.
Managing Type 2 Diabetes
When the insulin in the pancreas decreases in the body, the level of glucose in the blood increases. This condition is called diabetes. Insulin is a hormone. It is made by the digestive gland. Its job is to convert food into energy inside the body. This hormone controls the amount of sugar in our body. The body has trouble converting food into energy when there is a diabetic condition. The elevated glucose level in this illness harms a number of bodily organs.
How Many Types of Diabetes?, Symptom Recognition, Dietary Adjustments
There are two types of diabetes. Diabetes Type-1 and Diabetes Type-2. There is a lot of difference between these two types of diabetes. Know, what is the difference between the two diabetes-
Type-1 Diabetes
The problem of type-1 diabetes can be seen in a child even from birth. This diabetes can also occur at a very young age. In this condition, insulin is not produced at all inside the body. This happens in type-1 diabetes because, due to genetic reasons, insulin production stops in the pancreas. It is also called ‘autoimmune disorder’. In this diabetes, the body’s own cells react like enemies to some cells and attack them and destroy those cells.
Type-2 Diabetes
Type-2 diabetes is caused by poor lifestyle. The main reasons for this are excess fat, not sleeping on time, excessive intoxication, high BP, sleeping late in the morning and inactive lifestyle. In type-2 diabetes also, the production of insulin in the body decreases. This happens because of physical activities and wrong eating habits. Due to less production of insulin in the body, the cells present in the blood show very less sensitivity to insulin. Because of this, the amount of glucose in the blood increases and the person becomes a victim of type-2 diabetes.
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What are the Causes of Type 2 Diabetes?
The main cause of type 2 diabetes is the body developing insulin resistance or the pancreas not producing enough insulin. A person with type 2 diabetes produces insulin, but the person’s cells are unable to use it. Doctors know this condition as insulin resistance. The reasons why insulin resistance arises are still unknown. Commonly the following possibilities can lead to type 2 diabetes, which include:
• Genes or genetic conditions
• Excess weight and obesity
• Problems with communication between cells, causing problems with controlling sugar
• Increased insulin resistance due to excess fat, high blood pressure and other metabolic syndrome including high cholesterol
• the liver producing too much glucose
• Too little insulin is produced by the pancreas
So when the human body does not use enough insulin due to physiological problems and glucose (sugar) cannot reach the cells of the body, glucose remains in the bloodstream. Due to which many types of problems can arise.
What are the Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?
In type 2 diabetes, the body is not able to use insulin properly to transport glucose to the cells. The problem of type 2 diabetes develops slowly in any person, and it is difficult to recognize its initial symptoms.
Early symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include:
• Constant hunger
• Having a dry mouth
• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Feeling tired
• Weight loss
• Lack of energy
• Itchy skin
• Decreased or blurred vision
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The symptoms get worse as the condition gets worse. If a high level of blood sugar persists in the human body for a long time, then the following symptoms can be seen:
• Dark patches on the skin
• Pain in the leg
• Yeast infections
• Gradual progression of lesions or infection
If any kind of symptoms appear, a doctor should be consulted immediately. Without treatment, diabetes can lead to life-threatening complications.
What are the Complications of Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes, if ignored in its early stages, can lead to a variety of complications, such as:
• Heart and blood vessel diseases such as chest pain, heart attack, stroke, clogged arteries (atherosclerosis) and high blood pressure etc.
• Nerve damage (neuropathy)
• Kidney damage (nephropathy)
Eye damage
Constipation
• Alzheimer’s disease
• hearing impairment
• skin problems, such as bacterial or fungal infections
• Hypoglycemia – It is related to the decrease in blood sugar.
• Hyperglycemia – Hyperglycemia is a disease associated with high levels of blood sugar.
What are the Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes?
However, it is not clear which factors contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. But it is clear that some factors can increase the risk, including:
• Being 45 or older
• Overweight
• Being less active or doing less physical activity
• Getting little or no exercise
• Having a family history of type 2 diabetes
• Prediabetes
• Smoking
• Stress conditions etc.
How to Diagnose Type 2 Diabetes?
Every person should see a doctor immediately if symptoms related to type 2 diabetes appear. Therefore, if diabetes is diagnosed by a doctor, other tests may be recommended to differentiate between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, as these two types of diabetes often have different symptoms. treatment is required. Doctors may use a variety of diagnostic tests to diagnose type 2 diabetes, including:
1. Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) Test
This blood test shows the average blood glucose over the past two to three months. Glycated hemoglobin test measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin and the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
Based on this test, an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher indicates diabetes. Results obtained between 5.7 and 6.4 percent indicate a high risk of developing diabetes. A level below 5.7 percent is considered a normal level.
2. Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
Before this test, the concerned person has to fast for eight hours. This test measures the glucose level in the blood plasma. A result less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) indicates a normal level. And type 2 diabetes is diagnosed when the result is more than 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L).
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
During a glucose tolerance test, a blood sample is taken two hours after the patient is first fed a sugary liquid or glucose. During laboratory testing, the level of sugar (glucose) in a blood sample is measured. Based on the results, a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is made. A blood sugar level of less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) is considered a normal level, and a blood sugar of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher results in type 2 diabetes. Explains the condition of being.
4. Random Blood Sugar Test
A random blood sugar test involves taking a blood sample at a random time. Blood glucose levels are expressed in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Therefore, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or higher in a person’s blood sample is more suggestive of diabetes (type 2 diabetes).
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What is Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?
Ways to manage or treat type 2 diabetes may include the following:
• By choosing nutritious and balanced diet
• Regular exercise
• Through diabetes medication or insulin therapy
• Checking blood sugar regularly
All of these methods can help keep blood sugar levels normal and prevent complications.
1. Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with Nutritious Food.
There is no specific diet for the treatment of diabetes. However, consuming high-fiber, low-fat foods can contribute to balancing weight and keeping blood sugar under control. Therefore, every person should adopt the following diet in case of type 2 diabetes:
• Fruit
• Vegetables
• Whole grains
Fewer animal products, refined carbohydrates and sweets will also need to be consumed in moderation.
Apart from this, attention should also be paid to the consumption of low glycemic index foods.
2. Treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin.
Some people with type 2 diabetes can have success with normalizing blood sugar levels based on diet and exercise, but some people also need diabetes medications or insulin therapy. Medicines are recommended based on the condition of the blood sugar level and any other health problems that the person has.
To treat type 2 diabetes, a doctor may recommend taking insulin with the help of a needle and syringe (insulin pen or inhaler). And some people may need to use an insulin pump to continuously receive this drug. The effect of insulin can be limited for a time only. Therefore, more than one type of insulin can be used.
What is Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes?
The following tips should be followed for the prevention of type 2 diabetes:
• Eat a diet high in nutrient-rich carbohydrates and fiber
• Exercise daily
• Do not smoke and use tobacco
• Maintain healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
• Take all prescribed medicines on time
• Every person should check blood sugar level from time to time with the help of doctor
• Beware of overeating
• Adopt home remedies to control weight and keep heart healthy.
What is Diet For Type 2 Diabetes?
Eating a healthy and balanced diet is important for keeping the heart healthy and blood sugar levels balanced. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are advised to adopt a proper diet. A healthy diet for type 2 diabetes includes the following:
- Consume low calorie foods.
- Eating healthy carbohydrate-rich foods such as green vegetables, fruits, legumes (like beans), whole grains, etc.
- Foods containing omega-3 fatty acids such as tuna, sardines, salmon and small fish etc.
- Healthy monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats such as olive oil, peanut oil, almonds, canola oil, walnuts and avocados, etc.
5.Choose low-fat dairy products.
What to Avoid in Type 2 Diabetes?
There are also some foods that can increase the problem of type 2 diabetes, so the consumption of these substances should be banned. These substances include:
• Foods rich in saturated fats
• Processed meats
• Salty foods
• Foods that are rich in trans fat
• Fried foods
• Shellfish
• Margarine (margarine)
• Snacks
• High fat dairy products
• High sugar foods and sweet fruits.
(Disclaimer : The purpose of this health-related article is to wake you up and aware of your health and to provide health-related information. Your doctor has a better understanding of your health and there is no substitute for their advice.)
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